Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is also called semiconductor cooler, which is using an artificial cooling technology based on Peltier effect. At present, the focus of domestic and foreign researches is on the characteristic optimization of TEC itself thermoelectric materials, but there are few researches on the combined influence of TEC performance. The main integrated influence factors of TEC internal structure include geometry size of the thermoelectric arm, contact effect and so on.(more)

Since the TEC module structure is constructed in a solid state, it's common to regard it as having high reliability. In most applications, TECs can provide long term fault-free services. At present, in many practical applications, the service life of TECs exceeds 20 years, longer than other relative devices. However, failure rate is closely related to the application environment, so it's difficult to achieve detailed reliability of TEC modules. For some stable cooling applications, a stable and continuous power supply is connected to TEC modules, in which condition the reliability of TECs will be very high. MTBFs are less than 2000,000 hours, which is seen as industrial standard. On the other hand, in the application of thermal cycling, MTBFs will be largely shortened, especially when the TEC increases to a high temperature in thermal cycling process.(more)

Thermistor is a kind of sensitive elements, which can be divided in two types, PTC thermistor and NTC thermistor, according to different temperature coefficients. The typical characteristics of thermistor are that at different temperatures, it can show different resistance values. With increase of temperature, the resistance of PTC can increase and the resistance of NTC can decline. PTC and NTC both belong to semiconductor devices.(more)

A glass encapsulated thermistor mainly plays a role of temperature compensation. There are some kinds of packaging materials, such as epoxy resin, SMD, glass and so on. The glass encapsulative has high temperature resistance and moisture resistance. However, comparing with some other packaging forms, its responding speed is a little slow, around ten senconds.(more)

Based on the Piltier effect, thermoelectric cooling is an energy conversion process, using electric energy as power, that is: when the direct current is through two different conductive materials, nodes will have endothermic phenomenon (when the current is in the opposite direction, exothermic phenomenon will be generated). As the Peltier effect of semiconductor materials is very obvious, the thermoelectric modules are mostly made up of semiconductor materials at home and aboard.(more)

Laser is a kind of light source components. In actually, drive circuit refers to modulation circuit of light source device, which plays a role of converting digital signal to optical pulse signal and then sending to fibers. This part is the core of optical transmitter, which decides many important technical parameters.(more)

With the development of science and technology, laser technology has been used in many fields, such as national economy, national defense construction and so on. And it has wide applications in long-distance communications, digital signal storage and recovery, laser ranging, robotics, holographic application, medical diagnosis, etc.(more)

c) In order to avoid TECs losing effect due to obvious mechanical vibration, do not place any large mass device without support on the cold end of TECs. When involving lass mass device, it's better to use chucking to fix the TECs between heat sinks and the object. Or place the device on a cold plate that can be media at first. At this time, damping screws can effectively increase the shear strength of the whole mechanical system.(more)

In the system of optical communication, laser driver is an important part of an optical transmitter and it provides enough current to drive laser diode with direct modulation or enough voltage to drive electoral absorption device with indirect modulation.(more)

I am a designer. I have never used such a wonderful product. It is called RESISTOR KITS. It has 128 kinds of values from 0 ohm to 10M ohm in a box. The kits are very useful. It is easy to find any value of resister in E24 and I can place them on the work bench or the shelf. When I am doing an experiment, I only need to open the box and choose the label printed in the cover. Please look at the pictures below. Another reason I like it is the precision. It is 1%, much better than 5%.(more)